Arches have been used in the structures for centuries. In the evolution of the construction sector, arches are an excellent option to elevate the elegance and overall look of the architecture. It has been widely used, from ancient Roman aqueducts to modern-day skyscrapers.
They play a pivotal role in improving the stability, beauty, design, and strength of the building. The history of arches seems overwhelming. Beyond elegance, they provide numerous advantages to structures, which make them a suitable option for various construction projects.
In this blog, we’ll uncover the crucial information about arch structure. Let’s delve into the topic now:
What is an Arch Structure?
An arch structure is a form of curved structure that widens an opening in a building and supports the weight from above. It can be widely used in both architecture and structural engineering to efficiently distribute weight and carry a very large mass placed above it.
You can see an abundant range of arch structures constructed for both structural and decorative purposes. Based on the style and feature constraint, the arch model can be customised.
Types of Arch Structure
Arch structures are available in various shapes and sizes, each with its own properties and characteristics. Based on the construction needs, the shapes will be finalised each time. Let’s discuss some types of arch structures:
Flat Arches
Flat arches are rectangular in shape with flat top edges, and no inner curves exist. They are best for structural engineering but not for functional and load-bearing qualities. They are typically used for aesthetic purposes only in modern buildings that are subjected to carrying light loads.
Pointed Arches
Pointed arches, also known as Gothic arches, feature an apex at the top where two circle arcs meet in the design. They are a common structural design often used to create intricate designs and patterns. They are well-known for their elegance and equal distribution of weight or loads from the above.
Rounded Arches
Round arches are another popular arch design widely seen in Roman and Gothic style architecture. They are semicircular, providing extreme strength and stability to the structure with its wide openings. This type of arch has a continuous curve and no additional support required. They can bear loads, but it is unsure that they may or mayn’t support weight from above. Rounded arches are evenly arranged and often used in home interiors.
Parabolic Arches
Parabolic arches look like the shape of a parabola, which needs accurate measurements to construct. They are not as common as round or semi-circular arches. This parabolic curve has efficient load distribution commonly in load-bearing structures like bridges. They are not only functional but also provide aesthetic value to your asset.
Segmental Arches
Segmental arches offer a curved look but are less than a semicircle. This type of arch style can fit a variety of architectural styles, particularly in buildings with a sloping or curved roofline. It has been recognised for their enhanced functionality and aesthetics, often used in building facades and interior décor.
Triangular Arches
Triangular arches are also named miter arches and Mayan arches. They consist of two straight segments formed by two stone slabs that lay diagonally against each other. These two parallel segments support the two diagonal stones to form the arch. They are less common in commercial building design but may be included in architectural designs for aesthetic purposes.
Centered Arches
Centered arches consist of a specific number of center points that distribute the loads evenly and bear the majority of the weight caused. Constructions commonly include four center points. One-center points include round, flat, pointed, and horseshoe-shaped arches. Two-center point arches integrate two load-bearing points, including pointed or lancet arches. Three center point arches have semi-elliptic and Florentine arches, while four center points include Tudor and Venetian arches.
Application of Arch Structures
Arch structure help create unique and functional structures. Let’s see some of their widespread applications in various fields.
Bridges: Undoubtedly, bridges are iconic examples of arches. By exemplifying the arch’s ability to distribute weight evenly across them with minimal support. When it comes to the modern variation, these arch bridges offer excellent flexibility in design and style.
Buildings: Arches are capable of supporting heavy loads without columns in a building. They provide open and classy interior spaces with minimal effort. They are commonly seen in industrial buildings such as factories and warehouses and also in public buildings like railway stations and airports.
Doorways and Windows: To add a touch of elegance, construct an arch in home entrances and openings. More than visual appearance, they support weight and provide structural support.
Vaults and Domes: They are architectural marvels used to create expansive and enclosed spaces. By combining multiple arches together, a three-dimensional structure can be formed.
Advantages of Arch Structure
Arch structures have many significant advantages, including:
- The curved-shaped arch distributes weight evenly with minimal support, causing less stress on individual components.
- Arches in buildings look graceful, which adds a sense of touch to any structure. It can be a perfect option to décor your house entrance and interiors.
- Arch structures provide inherent stability and can be resistant to earthquakes and lateral forces.
- In most cases, arch structures are more cost-effective than other structural systems, especially when dealing with large construction projects.
Disadvantages of Arch Structure
Let’s see some negative aspects associated with arch structures:
- Unlike regular building methods, arch construction is quite complex and requires professionals with enhanced skills and tool-handling experiences.
- It can be quite an expensive and time-consuming process.
- Arch-style structures amplify noise, particularly during heavy rain or winds.
- They require a strong and stable foundation to support the heavy loads and weight.
- They often require maintenance, which can be costly.
Construction Process of Arch Structure
Arch construction typically involves the following steps:
Planning and Designing: Before starting the construction, determine the shape, size, and material of the arch. This ensures a strong foundation capable of evenly distributing weight and thrust. Choose materials like stone, concrete, brick, or steel to provide reliable support.
Centring Work: Centring is another significant process that supports the arch during construction. The important concern is ensuring that the centring should be appropriate to the shape and size of the intended arch.
Installing the Arch Stones: Unlike regular structures, arches are typically made of wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs. They are laid in a symmetrical pattern to achieve the arch-shaped structure in the desired style.
Removal of Centring: Centring is primarily used to offer temporary support. Once the arch is strong and stable, the weight of its above can be gradually transferred to the foundations. Then the centring can be carefully removed from the construction.
Finishing Touch: Finally, the gaps that exist between the voussoirs need to be filled with mortar to improve the structural integrity and tightness. To enhance its overall appearance, decorative elements like carvings, paint, or moldings can be applied.
Final Lines
Arches are an important and interesting topic in the construction sector. More than visual reference, they can provide strong support and structural integrity. Hopefully, this article explains the concept of arches and gives you a better understanding of their significance.